| The energetical potential of solar energy
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| | connected with alienation of big
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| is great, by nowadays calculations it's
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| | territories for transformation of them
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| approximately 1,57*10^18 Watt peak a
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| | into reservoirs. Hydroelectric power
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| year. The science that studies the
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| | stations break the ecological aqua
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| methods of collecting and transformation
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| | systems, more over they are quite often
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| of solar energy to another kinds of
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| | begin to silt and become ineffective in
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| energy is solar energetic.
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| | some 50-100 years. In the dry areas
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| There are several priorities of
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| | evaporation from the surface of water
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| transformation and usage of solar energy.
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| | reservoirs is dozen times higher than
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| The first one is transformation of solar
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| | evaporation from the surface of the land.
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| energy into heat and using of it for
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| | Nuclear energetics has been seen recently
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| heating buildings, air conditioning,
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| | is one of the most promising trends in
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| heating or distillation of water.
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| | the electricity production that united
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| The basis of such generators of heat
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| | cheap energy produced (one pound of
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| energy is plane solar collector that
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| | radioactive fuel substitutes two million
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| allows transforming solar energy to the
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| | tons of coal) and a small influence on
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| energy of heat with a temperature of
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| | the environment. But the tragedy that
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| 160-180 F. It looks like a metallic frame
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| | happened on the power plant in Chernobyl,
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| with special pipes or it's a plane
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| | Ukraine proved that nuclear energy has a
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| box-like device that let pass the air,
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| | high potential risk.
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| water or special liquids. This collector
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| | The exploitation of solar energy can be
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| is put into heat isolation cover, with
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| | useful in many ways. First by
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| the exception of it's working part that
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| | substituting the fuel that is used on
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| is subjected to the sunrays. A 9 ft. sqr.
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| | heat power stations it reduces the air
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| collector gives up to 20 gallons of hot
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| | and environment pollution, it reduces the
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| water (150-170 F) per day. This solar
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| | usage of oil and other fuel that can be
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| water heats have a lot of perspectives to
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| | used in more important purposes, by
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| be used in remote desert areas or in the
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| | substituting nuclear fuel it reduces the
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| areas with a big number of sunny days.
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| | radiation threat, and at the same time
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| The prime cost of the hot water produced
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| | solar energy generators can make us more
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| by the solar heaters is much lower than
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| | secure, by reducing the dependence upon
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| one produced by electric boiler or gas
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| | uninterrupted fuel supply.
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| boiler. It doesn't require any fuel and
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| | But still there are many obstacles that
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| doesn't pollute the environment. So the
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| | prevent mass spreading of solar energy
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| advantages of using solar water heaters
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| | usage. One of the most obvious is low
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| are obvious.
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| | intensiveness of solar radiation even in
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| The second priority of using solar energy
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| | the sunny weather. Another obstacle is
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| is transformation of it into electricity.
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| | high initial price of solar energy
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| If to cover a silicon crystal with a
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| | generators.
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| thin, pure for light layer of metal, than
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| | The primary value for making a plane
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| the photons stream, while passing through
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| | collector solar heater is 1000$ per 1
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| a metal layer, will release free
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| | Watt peak. First looking, it may seem
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| electrons from the crystal of silicon.
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| | that because of the high price solar
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| Those electrons will start to concentrate
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| | energy generators are not competitive
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| in the metal layer. This will cause a
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| | with traditional electric power plants,
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| potential difference between crystal and
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| | where this index is low as 100$ per 1Watt
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| a metal layer. If to connect thousands of
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| | peak. Even small diesel generators are
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| such crystals in series or in parallel
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| | not so costly. But if to include the fuel
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| (to increase voltage and current), we'll
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| | price to the coast of each kilowatt than
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| get a solar battery that produces direct
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| | this comparison won't be so striking.
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| current.
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| | Even it's thought that solar generators
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| Also there exists another trend of using
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| | are cheaper in the technical exploitation
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| solar energy for electricity production,
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| | and lifetime is longer than that of
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| which is similar to the heat power plant.
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| | tradition sources of electric energy. The
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| It assumes using of glass pipes cover by
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| | calculations show that the price of the
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| the semiconductor layer from inside. Such
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| | electric energy produced by solar
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| pipe will let pass the sunrays but still
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| | generators can be reduced in future to
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| collects 80% of them. Sunrays are
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| | .05-.01$ per kilowatt, and for solar
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| collected into a narrow beam of light
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| | water heater approximately to .02$ per
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| with a help of conversion lens. Then this
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| | kilowatt.
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| heat is transmitted to the pipe that is
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| | To be more specific in costs of solar
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| inside of the glass pipe and it heats the
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| | electric systems lets refer to
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| working pipe up to 1000 F, which is more
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| | International Energy Agency data: "The
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| than enough to melt metallic natrium,
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| | type of system defines the components you
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| that melt near 197 F. Incandescent heat
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| | need for a solar system and therefore the
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| conductor is transmitting to the
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| | costs. The overall system prices for
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| underground reservoirs, where the heat
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| | grid-connected systems vary between 7.8
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| collected for the solar energy makes salt
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| | and 24.0 USD/Watt peak. The price range
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| to melt. The heat energy form the salt is
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| | for solar systems not connected to the
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| transmitted to water pipes, where the
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| | grid is 5.5 to 25.2 USD/Watt peak." But
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| water boils and then the energy of water
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| | still there even more disadvantages of
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| steam is used as a moving energy for
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| | solar electric systems. First one is that
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| electric current generators.
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| | they can be used locally, because the
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| The transformation of solar energy into
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| | direct current produced by solar systems
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| another types of energy doesn't bring any
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| | is effective for transmission on long
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| visible pollution to the environment,
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| | distances (not more than 70 miles). In
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| which makes it very beneficial. Other
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| | addition if to refer to MySolar;
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| ways of electricity production are
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| | information on solar energy and solar
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| tightly connected with the pollution of
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| | systems says:
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| environment. 80-85 percent of energy used
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| | "A solar electricity system causes little
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| by man is got by burning fuel (oil, gas,
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| | extra risk for lightning when normal
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| different kinds of bio resources). Even
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| | precautions (earthing, or lightning
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| so that thee portion of heat power plants
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| | protection at places that a prone to
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| is decreasing now, still lots of
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| | lighting such as high towers etc) are
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| countries use it as a primary source for
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| | taken. Lightning can cause damage to
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| getting energy (75% power plants in China
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| | equipment such as inverters and
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| and nearly 40% of power plants in Russia
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| | batteries" (available on web:
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| use oil, coal and gas). Heat power plants
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| | Even despite all the disadvantages of
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| produces 50% of carbonic gas, 35% sulphur
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| | solar systems, this kind of alternative
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| and nitrogen oxides released into
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| | source of electric energy is spreading
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| atmosphere and nearly the same amount of
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| | all over the world. The leading place in
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| dust. Recent researches also show that
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| | production of electricity by solar
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| heat power plants twice more pollute the
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| | systems is taken by the USA (40% of
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| environment with radiation contamination
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| | world's production) with total power 450
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| than do nuclear power plants.
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| | megawatts and with a total square of
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| The influence of the hydroelectric power
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| | solar heat collectors in 100 million sqr
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| stations on the environment is also a
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| | ft. And the development of this power
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| subject of concern, because it's
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| | industry will be rapid in next decades.
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