| Environment of these countries is heavily, radically | | | | countries e.g. Ethiopia, in many respects, has not |
| and routinely changed and as a result has become | | | | been studied and as a result much is not known |
| unsuitable for natural growth. There is no pure and | | | | about their microbial, invertebrate and even the |
| oxygenated air for sustaining life in most of such | | | | more conspicuous vertebrate diversity, in spite of |
| countries. The specific flora and fauna are | | | | this, the few studies conducted indicate the high |
| becoming extinct in a changed environment. For | | | | diversity in them. Looking at flagship species in |
| instance lion, deer, wolf, crow and other specific | | | | different diversity center areas in the countries |
| animals in India and vulture at global level are | | | | clearly show the difficult and delicate state in |
| disappearing due to disrupted and polluted habitat. | | | | which these habitats and their denizens are, and |
| Overwhelming vehicles plying in most cities of | | | | the imminent danger they are facing unless urgent |
| world i.e. Tokyo, Washington D. C., New Delhi, | | | | remedial measures are taken. |
| New York and others are emitting tones of CO, | | | | The countries, in addition to their biological |
| CO2, SO2, SO3, NOx (x=1,2,3), Pb, Rn and | | | | diversity have also diverse physical environment. |
| radioactive chemicals causing lung disease and | | | | This diversity includes the beautiful rift valley with |
| cancer. Furthermore chemicals such as PCBs | | | | the chain of freshwater and salty lakes with its |
| (polychlorinated biphenyl), BaP (benzo alpha | | | | enormous bird population e.g. the highland crater |
| pyrene) and CFC's (chlorofluoro carbons), used as | | | | lakes in various parts of Ethiopia such as Zikuala, |
| refrigerant and electronic works, have drastic | | | | the Bishoftu lakes, Haike, Zengena etc., the |
| effects on the environment. NOx (nitrogen | | | | afro-alpine mountains in the southern and northern |
| oxides) is an important precursor for acid rain and | | | | parts of it with their unique plant and animal |
| catalyzing O3 (ozone) decomposition where the | | | | populations, all the rivers in the country including |
| acid rain is considerably effecting the crop | | | | the mighty Blue-Nile gorge, the beautiful lowland as |
| production, aquatic life and fertility of land. An | | | | well as highland plains, the hot springs of the rift |
| excess of CO seriously affects blood hemoglobin's | | | | valley, are a few examples of that variation. In |
| O2 absorption. | | | | addition to the physical and biological diversity, |
| Due to such unwanted phenomenon vast forests | | | | which is readily available for exploitation, we also |
| of Scottish Highland, the Southern Uplands and | | | | have to focus on ways of using the historical and |
| Wales have disappeared. Tennessee Valley of | | | | cultural heritages of the countries. |
| USA and famous Murray-Darling basin of Australia | | | | In African countries there are far from |
| are facing the danger of deforestation. The state | | | | complaining concerning manmade environmental |
| of Ontario (Canada) maintains Summer Fire | | | | problems. For instance it is true that educational |
| Fighting Force of about 2000 personal, 300 look | | | | institutions have not been interrupted due to |
| out towers, 37 air bases for parachute fire | | | | environmental problems for example as in Los |
| fighters and water carrying planes to prevent | | | | Angeles, USA where public school and outdoor |
| mainly the forest fire. The developed countries | | | | recreation classes are cancelled on the days when |
| are facing acute pollution problems of various | | | | O3 concentration reaches to 0.3 to 1.0 PPM, to |
| kinds as sulfurous and photochemical smog such | | | | avert serious diseases as choking, coughing and |
| as that was identified in Los Angeles, USA in | | | | night vision. But this does not mean our flora and |
| 1940's to 1950's, due to the excess release of | | | | fauna are not endangered |
| the SO2 and SO3 gases and H2O vapors to | | | | Throughout the world there is big hue and cry for |
| environment. | | | | safe, clean and green environment. Even a new |
| Remarkably Singh has developed survismeter to | | | | science called clean technology (CT) is initiated to |
| reduce multipurpose and frequent use of solvents | | | | revive the natural growth of environment in |
| and chemicals to save environmental pollution. | | | | developed and developing countries, US Govt. in |
| Devastation of the environment with its denizens | | | | 1970 passed a Clean Air Act. The expenditure of |
| at an alarming scale probably started with the | | | | already polluted countries to deal with the garbage |
| dropping of the atom bomb on Hiroshima and | | | | disposal is more than they spend on their |
| Nagasaki towards the end of the Second World | | | | developmental projects. |
| War. A decade after the first atom bomb was | | | | The countries like USA and Russia have million of |
| dropped, the first hydrogen bomb exploded on | | | | tones of nuclear wastes; they are in dilemma |
| Bikini Island (1954) causing entire fall vanished. | | | | what to do with this sensitive issue. On the other |
| Following this, in 1957 USA, and in 1958 erstwhile | | | | hand Ethiopia is enriched with natural green and |
| Soviet Union and Great Britain detonated high | | | | clean technology without any nuclear wastes. |
| power nuclear bombs followed by 1961 Russian | | | | African mountains and valleys are highly safe with |
| 57 megaton bomb detonation, and 1986 | | | | no pollution danger in the near future and are |
| Chernobyl disaster in soviet Ukraine. India has | | | | attraction for international tourists like 'water |
| faced about 200 nuclear accidents at Apsara since | | | | smokes' a Tana Lake. Considering the urgent |
| 1956. | | | | need of free, fresh, and clean habitat for man and |
| The use of flora and fauna of such habitats by | | | | living beings, Africa is a non-polluted thick green |
| man has caused various defects such as chronic | | | | budget for sustaining life on its land with minimum |
| health effects, blood abnormalities, hemorrhage, | | | | interference. Its rivers and lakes are free of |
| cataract, bone necrosis and fibrosis. Even until | | | | water pollution in comparison to other countries |
| recently thousands of sheep in northern Britain | | | | and therefore the world leaders or population |
| could not be slaughtered because of radionuclide | | | | should be aware of this resource and use it wisely |
| accumulation in them through the grass that they | | | | before it is too late. |
| eat. | | | | Africa's biomass potential is not harnessed for its |
| Wild animals like reindeer in Sweden still show high | | | | energy needs so there seems a need to |
| level of radioisotopes particularly (Cs137) cesium. | | | | briquette the waste biomass like coffee husk and |
| Windscale Cumbria (1957) reactor fire released | | | | other similar wastes into fuel rolls with smokeless |
| hazardous radioactive gases in environment and | | | | burn and high calorie contents, ca 4000 kilo calorie |
| fission products contaminated soil and grasses | | | | kg. Briquetted fuel rolls are common man fuel and |
| affecting grazing animals and others. | | | | eradicate the drudgery of women. The processing |
| American tank leakage in Washington D.C. (1976) | | | | of such wastes for biogas or fuel rolls production |
| polluted aquatic and terrestrial environment. | | | | requires simple know-how without any pollution or |
| Radioactive hazards of Idaho national engineering | | | | accidental risk. Simply it needs awareness and |
| laboratory severely fouled Snake River aquifer. In | | | | cognizance. |
| Goiania, Brazil, (1987) luminescent lethal cesium | | | | Remarkably Ethiopia has largest number of cattles |
| (Cs137) caused disease in man. China's (Oct. 16, | | | | in Africa that can help to develop simple cattle |
| 1964) Lop Nor bomb explosion seriously effected | | | | dung gas plant for biogas energy. Biogas is a |
| the environment in the Himalayas. | | | | great energy potential for people living in far-flung |
| Despite these effects to environment caused by | | | | and hilly areas at their doorsteps, it needs simple |
| never ending desire of man for high-tech | | | | circular or square pit fitted with lid and PVC pipe |
| chemicals, nuclear and explosive weapons, and | | | | outlet and people with their day today agriculture |
| manmade machines for manufacture of daily | | | | exposure can operate. |
| routine items for high standard of living, the | | | | This will provide gas for cooking, lighting for |
| restrictions to safeguard the green budget of the | | | | children's study, and dual fuel for pumpset or |
| world and natural assets as jungles and forests as | | | | engine for flour mill, transport and saw machines. |
| natural and unique model for maintaining its natural | | | | This can stop deforestation due to woodburning |
| beautiful ecosystem are not being observed. | | | | for energy needs and provide NKP (nitrogen, |
| Interestingly the cows of some African countries | | | | potash, and phosphorus) rich compost manure to |
| like Ethiopian are giving good milk, while Polish | | | | revolutionize the greenery for crop and timber. |
| people bordering Chernobyl stopped to drink cow | | | | The urban solid and liquid wastes can be added to |
| milk due to radioactive contamination, even water | | | | cattle dung for biogas production. Awareness to |
| near Chernobyl is not drinkable due to heavy | | | | global and local environmental problems and the |
| radioactive pollution. Ethiopia is producing maximum | | | | use of alternative energy sources help improves |
| beans and tomato while in most nations the | | | | the life standard of the rural poor as well as keep |
| growth of seedlings of such crops is critically | | | | the environment clean. Consequently by adopting |
| inhibited due to 0.3 to 0.5 PPM continuous | | | | an eco-friendly life world leaders could "hit two |
| exposure of NO2. | | | | birds with one stone". |
| Although the bio-diversity of some African | | | | |