| From a national survey by "Fair" which showed | | | | * Energy Systems: provides nuclear power plant |
| that the idea that the mainstream media have a | | | | design and maintenance. |
| "liberal bias" has long been conventional wisdom. | | | | ================================= |
| At various times, public figures and media | | | | VIACOM INTERNATIONAL INC. |
| personalities from Richard Nixon, Newt Gingrich, Bill | | | | Television Holdings: |
| O'Reilly, Neil Cavuto, Sean Hannity and Rupert | | | | * Paramount Television, Spelling Television, MTV, |
| Murdoch of Fox Networks (Rupert Murdoch now | | | | VH-1, Showtime, The Movie Channel, UPN (joint |
| major stock holder of "The Wall Street Journal) | | | | owner), Nickelodeon, Comedy Central, Sundance |
| they and others have all taken refuge in the claim | | | | Channel (joint owner), Flix. |
| that the "liberal" media were out to get them. A | | | | * 20 major market US stations. |
| legion of conservative talk show hosts, pundits | | | | Media Holdings: |
| and media-watch groups pound away at the idea | | | | * Paramount Pictures, Paramount Home Video, |
| that the media exhibit an inherently "liberal" tilt. But | | | | Blockbuster Video, Famous Players Theatres, |
| the assertion is based on remarkably little | | | | Paramount Parks. |
| evidence and is repeatedly made in the face of | | | | * Simon & Schuster Publishing. |
| contradictory facts. | | | | ================================== |
| In particular, the conservative critique of the news | | | | DISNEY / ABC / CAP (donated 640 thousand to |
| media rests on two general propositions: (1) | | | | GW's 2000 campaign) |
| journalists' views are to the left of the public, and | | | | Television Holdings: |
| (2) journalists frame news content in a way that | | | | * ABC: includes 10 stations, 24% of US |
| accentuates these left perspectives. Researchers | | | | households. |
| and analysts have discovered persuasive evidence | | | | * ABC Network News: Prime Time Live, Nightline, |
| against the latter claim. Content analyses of the | | | | 20/20, Good Morning America. |
| news media have, at a minimum, shown the | | | | * ESPN, Lifetime Television (50%), as well as |
| absence of any such systematic liberal/left tilt; | | | | minority holdings in A&E, History Channel and E! |
| some studies have found a remarkably | | | | * Disney Channel/Disney Television, Touchtone |
| predictable press usually reflecting the narrow | | | | Television. |
| range of views of those in positions of power, as | | | | Media Holdings: |
| well as a spectrum of expert opinion that tilts | | | | * Miramax, Touchtone Pictures. |
| toward the right. | | | | * Magazines: Jane, Los Angeles Magazine, W, |
| Â | | | | Discover. |
| The report goes on to say that the powerful | | | | * 3 music labels, 11 major local newspapers. |
| corporate interests which own and sponsor the | | | | * Hyperion book publishers. |
| news media ensure that news content never | | | | * Infoseek Internet search engine (43%). |
| strays too far, for too long, from protecting the | | | | Other Holdings: |
| status quo. You don't understand the corporate | | | | * Sid R. Bass (major shares) crude oil and gas. |
| ideology of General Motors by studying the | | | | * All Disney Theme Parks, Walt Disney Cruise |
| personal beliefs of the assembly-line workers, the | | | | Lines. ========================== |
| argument goes. Ideological orientation is introduced | | | | TIME-WARNER TBS - AOL (donated 1.6 million to |
| and enforced by those high in the organizational | | | | GW's 2000 campaign) |
| hierarchy who have the power to hire and fire, to | | | | America Online (AOL) acquired Time Warner-the |
| reward and punish. Working journalists, despite | | | | largest merger in corporate history. |
| their sometimes high visibility, usually do not call | | | | Television Holdings: |
| the shots in the nation's media corporations. (The | | | | * CNN, HBO, Cinemax, TBS Superstation, Turner |
| documentary "Fear and Favor in the Newsroom" | | | | Network Television, Turner Classic Movies, |
| provides vivid illustrations of this situation.) | | | | Warner Brothers Television, Cartoon Network, |
| Consequently, the private views of individual | | | | Sega Channel, TNT, Comedy Central (50%), E! |
| journalists often matter little. | | | | (49%), Court TV (50%). |
| Â | | | | * Largest owner of cable systems in the US with |
| The latest available stats show that most | | | | an estimated 13 million subscribers. |
| mainstream media is owned and/or controlled by | | | | Media Holdings: |
| the conservative lift. Large corporations and the | | | | * HBO Independent Productions, Warner Home |
| wealthy are able to weld major political clout | | | | Video, New Line Cinema, Castle Rock, Looney |
| because of their media holdings. In turn they are | | | | Tunes, Hanna-Barbera. |
| collectively able to shape government policy by | | | | * Music: Atlantic, Elektra, Rhino, Sire, Warner Bros. |
| controlling the slant of the mainstream news. | | | | Records, EMI, WEA, Sub Pop (distribution) = the |
| Â | | | | world's largest music company. |
| GENERAL ELECTRIC --(donated 1.1 million to GW | | | | * 33 magazines including Time, Sports Illustrated, |
| Bush for his 2000 election campaign) | | | | People, In Style, Fortune, Book of the Month Club, |
| Television Holdings: | | | | Entertainment Weekly, Life, DC Comics (50%), |
| * NBC: includes 13 stations, 28% of US | | | | and MAD Magazine. |
| households. | | | | Other Holdings: |
| * NBC Network News: The Today Show, Nightly | | | | * Sports: The Atlanta Braves, The Atlanta Hawks, |
| News with then Tom Brokaw, Meet the Press, | | | | World Championship Wrestling. |
| Dateline NBC, NBC News at Sunrise. | | | | ============================ |
| * CNBC business television; MSNBC 24-hour cable | | | | NEWS CORPORATION LTD. / FOX NETWORKS |
| and Internet news service (co-owned by NBC and | | | | (Rupert Murdoch) (donations see bottom note) |
| Bill Gates Microsoft); Court TV (co-owned with | | | | Television Holdings: |
| Time Warner), Bravo (50%), A&E (25%), History | | | | * Fox Television: includes 22 stations, 50% of US |
| Channel (25%). | | | | households. |
| The "MS" in MSNBCmeans Microsoft | | | | * Fox International: extensive worldwide cable and |
| The same Microsoft that donated 2.4 million to | | | | satellite networks include British Sky Broadcasting |
| get GW bush elected and more cash for | | | | (40%); VOX, Germany (49.9%); Canal Fox, Latin |
| re-election. | | | | America; FOXTEL, Australia (50%); STAR TV, |
| Other Holdings: | | | | Asia; IskyB, India; Bahasa Programming Ltd., |
| * GE Consumer Electronics. | | | | Indonesia (50%); and News Broadcasting, Japan |
| * GE Power Systems: produces turbines for | | | | (80%). |
| nuclear reactors and power plants. | | | | * The Golf Channel (33%). |
| * GE Plastics: produces military hardware and | | | | MEDIA HOLDINGS: |
| nuclear power equipment. | | | | * Twentieth Century Fox, Fox Searchlight. |
| * GE Transportation Systems: runs diesel and | | | | * 132 newspapers (113 in Australia alone) including |
| electric trains. | | | | the New York Post, the London Times and The |
| =================================== | | | | Australian. |
| WESTINGHOUSE / CBS INC. | | | | * 25 magazines including TV Guide and The |
| Westinghouse Electric Company, part of the | | | | Weekly Standard. |
| Nuclear Utilities Business Group of British Nuclear | | | | * HarperCollins books. |
| Fuels (BNFL)whose #1 on the Board of Directors? | | | | OTHER HOLDINGS: |
| None other than: | | | | * Sports: LA Dodgers, LA Kings, LA Lakers, |
| Frank Carlucci (of the Carlyle Group) | | | | National Rugby League. |
| Television Holdings: | | | | * Ansett Australia airlines, Ansett New Zealand |
| * CBS: includes 14 stations and over 200 affiliates | | | | airlines. |
| in the US. | | | | * Rupert Murdoch: Board of Directors, Philip Morris |
| * CBS Network News: 60 minutes, 48 hours, CBS | | | | (USA). |
| Evening News with Dan Rather, CBS Morning | | | | *(Phillip Morris donated 2.9 million to George W |
| News, Up to the Minute. | | | | Bush in 2000)* |
| * Country Music Television, The Nashville | | | | Later data is being collected and is expected to |
| Network, 2 regional sports networks. | | | | show even more dominance of the mainstream |
| * Group W Satellite Communications. | | | | media by rich and powerful conservatives. |
| Other Holdings: | | | | Sources: |
| * Westinghouse Electric Company: provides | | | | Â go to the "columbia journalism review |
| services to the nuclear power industry. | | | | and click on the |
| * Westinghouse Government Environmental | | | | "who owns what" link on the right side of the |
| Services Company: disposes of nuclear and | | | | page |
| hazardous wastes. Also operates 4 | | | | The presidential donations for GW can be found |
| government-owned nuclear power plants in the | | | | at |
| US. | | | | U.S. |